可用于连续识别Cu^2+和阴离子、中性分子荧光探针的研究进展

铜(Cu)含量的高低直接影响着生命体的正常运转和自然体系的平衡.检测铜离子的方法多种多样,其中具有较高敏感度和选择性的荧光化学传感器应用更加广泛.综述了以Cu^2+为基的荧光化学传感器通过"替换"法实现了对阴离子S^2-, CN^-, H2PO4^-, PPi和I^-以及中性分子ATP、ADP和生物硫醇等的连续识别的研究进展.     

高效液相色谱手性固定相法拆分BETTI碱及其衍生物对映体

在纤维素三（3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯）（Chiralcel OD-H）和Pirkle型(R, R)-Whelk-O1手性柱上对手性氨基酚1-(α-氨基苄基)-2-萘酚（Betti 碱）及其衍生物1-(α-苄氨基苄基)-2-萘酚和1-(α-哌啶基苄基)-2-萘酚对映体分离进行了研究，分别考察了在正己烷流动相中，碱性添加剂、醇类添加剂的种类和浓度对手性拆分的影响。结果表明：溶质在Chiralcel OD-H柱上的分离效果好，而在(R, R)-Whelk-O1手性柱上只有1-(α-苄氨基苄基)-2-萘酚部分分离。研究了空间立体结构因素对手性分离的影响，初步探讨和比较了溶质在这2种手性柱上的手性识别机理。发现对(R, R)-Whelk-O1柱，溶质与固定相之间的吸引作用很小，而对于Chiralcel OD-H柱，溶质在手性空腔中的空间适应性很可能是手性识别的关键。     

Effect of defects on the electronic structure of a PbI2/MoS2 van der Waals heterostructure: A first-principles study

PbI2/MoS2,as a typical van der Waals(vdW)heterostructure,has attracted intensive attention owing to its remarkable electronic and optoelectronic properties.In this work,the effect of defects on the electronic structures of a PbI2/MoS2 heterointerface has been systematically investigated.The manner in which the defects modulate the band structure of PbI2/MoS2,including the band gap,band edge,band alignment,and defect energy-level density within the band gap is discussed herein.It is shown that sulfur defects tune the band gaps,iodine defects shift the positions of the band edge and Fermi level,and lead defects realize the conversions between the straddling-gap band alignment and valence-band-aligned gap,thus enhancing the light-absorption ability of the material.     

Advances in high carbon dioxide separation performance of poly(ethylene oxide)-based membranes

Poly(ethylene-oxide)(PEO)-based membranes have attracted much attention recently for CO2 separation because CO2 is highly soluble into PEO and shows high selectivity over other gases such as CH4 and N2.Unfortunately,those membranes are not strong enough mechanically and highly crystalline,which hinders their broader applications for separation membranes.In this review discussions are made,as much in detail as possible,on the strategies to improve gas separation performance of PEO-based membranes.Some of techniques such as synthesis of graft copolymers that contain PEO,cross-linking of polymers and blending with long chains polymers contributed significantly to improvement of membrane.Incorporation of ionic liquids/nanoparticles has also been found effective.However,surface modification of nanoparticles has been done chemically or physically to enhance their compatibility with polymer matrix.As a result of all such efforts,an excellent performance,i.e.,CO2 permeability up to 200 Barrer,CO2/N2 selectivity up to 200 and CO2/CH4 selectivity up to 70,could be achieved.Another method is to introduce functional groups into PEO-based polymers which boosted CO2 permeability up to 200 Barrer with CO2/CH4 selectivity between 40 and 50.The CO2 permeability of PEO-based membranes increases,without much change in selectivity,when the length of ethylene oxide is increased.     

基于双状态Χ~2检测和快速强跟踪AUKF的组合导航算法

针对GNSS/SINS/摄影测量组合导航中某个子系统发生故障时,整个导航系统易受到故障数据污染的问题,提出了一种基于快速强跟踪AUKF的双状态卡方(Χ~2)检测数据融合方法。首先,采用快速强跟踪AUKF算法进行滤波;然后,引入卡方检验通过检测UKF子滤波器输出的状态向量来定位故障参数;最后,采用强跟踪滤波准确跟踪状态矢量突变以增强系统鲁棒性,并根据自适应因子实时调整预测协方差阵以修正增益矩阵,使滤波结果不受异常信息的干扰。将提出的改进算法与常规算法分别应用于无人机着陆导航系统,结果显示:与传统UKF相比,提出的算法得到的位置误差减少了62.6%以上;与强跟踪UKF相比,导航误差也至少减小了32.6%。     

地表高程对大气CO2反演的影响

从大气辐射传输模型正演和反演两个角度,探究CO_2观测时地表高程的敏感性。SRTM地表高程数据表明,在北京附近的平原地区,卫星指向不准导致的地表高程均值的误差较小,在偏移量为0.1～10.0km的情况下,误差极大值约为10m;而在北京附近山区以及平原与山区交界区内,地表高程均值的误差较大,误差极大值分别为713.98,515.61m。CO_2反演结果表明:高程值每变化100m,CO_2柱浓度偏差为3.29×10~(-6);在大气CO_2高精度反演中,地表高程偏差是一个关键因素。     

β-(N,N-二甲胺基乙氧基)酞菁锌在硅胶表面的固载及其光催化活性

通过4-硝基邻苯二腈分别与对羟基苯甲酸和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺反应制备了4-(4-羧基苯氧基)邻苯二腈(CPPN)和4-(N,N-二甲胺基乙氧基)邻苯二腈(ePN),然后利用开环反应将CPPN键合到聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯改性的硅胶(PGMA/SiO_2)表面,得到键合有邻苯二腈的硅胶CPPN-PGMA/SiO_2。在"分子碎片" ePN和催化剂1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)作用下,通过"同步合成与固载"的方法在PGMA/SiO_2表面固载金属酞菁(β-(N,N-二甲胺基乙氧基)酞菁锌,ePcZn)或无金属酞菁(ePc),从而制备了固载化的酞菁ePcZn-PGMA/SiO_2或ePc-PGMA/SiO_2。通过FT-IR、紫外-可见光谱、TG等对其结构和酞菁键合量进行表征和测定。考察了DBU的用量对"同步合成与固载"酞菁过程的影响。以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物,研究所制得的固载化酞菁催化剂ePc-PGMA/SiO_2或ePcZn-PGMA/SiO_2的可见光催化活性。结果表明,借助"同步合成与固载"的方法能够成功在PGMA/SiO_2表面固载ePc或ePcZn,得到固载化酞菁光催化剂ePc-PGMA/SiO_2或ePcZn-PGMA/SiO_2,它们均具有较好的可见光催化活性。在可见光照射下,ePcZn-PGMA/SiO_2和ePc-PGMA/SiO_2在较低的质量浓度下凭借吸附-光催化耦合协同作用均能有效降解MB,且随催化剂用量的增大, MB的降解率增大, 0.03g的ePcZnPGMA/SiO_2能使MB的降解率高达92%。催化剂重复使用5次后仍具有较好的光催化稳定性。     

σ2 Hessian方程的Pogorelov型C2 内估计及应用

提出利用拉格朗日乘子法重新证明σ2算子的最优凹性,并定义了一个凸锥Γ3?=λ=(λ1,λ2,?,λn)∈Rn:σ1(λ)>0,σ2(λ|i)>0,1≤i≤n。利用σ2算子的最优凹性，给出了σ2Hessian方程Pogorelov型C2内估计，进而证明了σ2(D2u(x))=1,x∈Rn的满足二次多项式增长条件的Γ3?-凸整解为二次多项式。     

卡普利加(Kaprekar)数的构造和推广

本文首先在位数相同的数集中,定义一种新的运算——循环进位法,并证明循环进位法的加法、乘法使位数相同的数集构成群、环.在此环中,我们又给出卡普利加数的定义,并在环的主理想中,推出它的构造原理和算法.最后我们把"一分为二(卡普利加数)"推广到"一分为N".